Technical data

Technical Data

Machining Allowance

Stress Value Conversions

Hardness Conversions

Machinability Ratings

Conversion Chart

Affiliations & Terms

Machining Allowance

Hot Rolled Bars

Alloy or special quality carbon steel bars, hot rolled 1.6% of diameter per side.

Cold Drawn Bars

.001″ per .062″ (1.6%) of diameter per side, including leaded steels.
.0015″ per .062″ (2.4%) of diameter per side, for free machining grades, except leaded steels.

Cold Drawn, Ground and Polished Bars

.0005″ per .062″ (0.8%) of diameter per side, including leaded steels.
.00075″ per .062″ (1.2%) of diameter per side, for free machining grades, except leaded steels.

Turned Bars

This product requires finish machining to clean up the turning marks according to the following table:

	Bar Size (inch)		Minimum Removal Per Side (inch)	Minimum Removal Per Diameter (inch)
5/8	to 2	incl.	.010	.020
Over 2	to 3	incl.	.013	.026
Over 3	to 3 ½	incl.	.015	.030
Over 3 ½	to 4	incl.	.018	.036
Over 4	to 4 ½	incl.	.021	.042
Over 4 ½	to 5	incl.	.024	.048
Over 5	to 6	incl.	.027	.054
Over 6	to 7	incl.	.030	.060
Over 7	to 8	incl.	.033	.066

Turned and Polished Turned, Ground and Polished Bars

Bars ordered to these conditions are generally free of decarburization and surface imperfections. If total freedom from decarburization is required, it must be specified.
Turned, Ground and Polished Bars may be used in the as received condition.

Recommended stock removal for aircraft quality alloys subject to magnetic particle inspection

Hot Rolled Bars

Specified Size (inches)	Min. stock removal from surface (inches)
Up to 1/2, incl	0.030
Over 1/2 to 3/4, Incl	0.045
Over 3/4 to 1, Incl	0.060
Over 1 to 1 ½, incl	0.075
Over 1 ½ to 2, incl	0.090

Specified Size (inches)	Min. stock removal from surface (inches)
Over 2 to 2 ½, incl	0.125
Over 2 ½ to 3 ½, incl	0.156
Over 3½ to 4 ½, incl	0.187
Over 4 ½ to 6, incl	0.250
Over 6 to 7 ½, incl	0.312

Stress Value Conversions

The middle column of figures contains the reading ( in MPa or ksi) to be converted. If converting from ksi to MPa equivalent in the column headed “MPa”. If converting from MPa to ksi, read the ksi equivalent in the column headed “ksi”.

1 ksi = 6.894757 MPa 1 psi = 6.894757 kPa

ksi		MPa
0.14504	1	6.895
0.29008	2	13.790
0.43511	3	20.684
0.58015	4	27.579
0.72519	5	34.474
0.87023	6	41.369
1.0153	7	48.263
1.1603	8	55.158
1.3053	9	62.053
1.4504	10	68.948
1.5954	11	75.842
1.7405	12	82.737
1.8855	13	89.632
2.0305	14	96.527
2.1756	15	103.42
2.3206	16	110.32
2.4656	17	117.21
2.6107	18	124.11
2.7557	19	131.00
2.9008	20	137.90
3.0458	21	144.79
3.1908	22	151.68
3.3359	23	158.58
3.4809	24	165.47
3.6259	25	172.37
3.7710	26	179.26
3.9160	27	186.16
4.0611	28	193.05
4.2061	29	199.95
4.3511	30	206.84
4.4962	31	213.74
4.6412	32	220.63
4.7862	33	227.53
4.9313	34	234.42
5.0763	35	241.32
5.2214	36	248.21
5.3664	37	255.11
5.5114	38	262.00
5.6565	39	268.90
5.8015	40	275.79
5.9465	41	282.69
6.0916	42	289.58
6.2366	43	296.47
6.3817	44	303.37
6.5267	45	310.26
6.6717	46	317.16
6.8168	47	324.05
6.9618	48	330.95
7.1068	49	337.84
7.2519	50	344.74
7.3969	51	351.63
7.5420	52	358.53
7.6870	53	365.42
7.8320	54	372.32
7.9771	55	379.21
8.1221	56	386.11
8.2672	57	393.00
8.4122	58	399.90
8.5572	59	406.79
8.7023	60	413.69
8.8473	61	420.58
8.992	62	427.47
9.1374	63	434.37
9.2824	64	441.26
9.4275	65	448.16
9.5725	66	455.05
9.7175	67	461.95

ksi		MPa
9.8626	68	468.84
10.008	69	475.74
10.153	70	482.63
10.298	71	489.53
10.443	72	496.42
10.588	73	503.32
10.732	74	510.21
10.878	75	517.11
11.023	76	524.00
11.168	77	530.90
11.313	78	537.79
11.458	79	544.69
11.603	80	551.58
11.748	81	558.48
11.893	82	565.37
12.038	83	572.26
12.183	84	579.16
12.328	85	586.05
12.473	86	592.95
12.168	87	599.84
12.763	88	606.74
12.909	89	613.63
13.053	90	620.53
13.198	91	627.42
13.343	92	634.32
13.489	93	641.21
13.634	94	648.11
13.779	95	655.00
13.924	96	661.90
14.069	97	668.79
14.214	98	675.69
14.359	99	682.58
14.504	100	689.48
15.954	110	758.42
17.405	120	827.37
18.855	130	896.32
20.305	140	965.27
21.756	150	1034.2
23.206	160	1103.2
24.656	170	1172.1
26.107	180	1241.1
27.557	190	1310.0
29.008	200	1379.0
30.458	210	1447.9
31.908	220	1516.8
33.359	230	1585.8
34.809	240	1654.7
36.259	250	1723.7
37.710	260	1792.6
39.160	270	186.16
40.611	280	1930.5
42.061	290	1999.5
43.511	300	2068.4
44.962	310	2137.4
46.412	320	2206.3
47.862	330	2275.3
49.313	340	2344.2
50.763	350	2413.2
52.214	360	2482.1
53.664	370	2551.1
55.114	380	2620.0
56.565	390	2689.0
58.015	400	2757.9
59.465	410	2826.9
60.916	420	2895.8
62.366	430	2964.7
63.817	440	3033.7

ksi		MPa
65.267	450	3102.6
66.717	460	3171.6
68.168	470	3240.5
69.618	480	3309.5
71.068	490	71.068
72.519	500	3447.4
73.969	510	—
75.420	520	—
76.870	530	—
78.320	540	—
79.771	550	—
81.221	560	—
82.672	570	—
84.122	580	—
85.572	590	—
87.023	600	—
88.473	610	—
89.923	620	—
91.374	630	—
92.824	640	—
94.275	650	—
95.725	660	—
97.175	670	—
98.626	680	—
100.08	690	—
101.53	700	—
102.98	710	—
104.43	720	—
105.88	730	—
107.33	740	—
108.78	750	—
110.23	760	—
111.68	770	—
113.13	780	—
114.58	790	—
116.03	800	—
117.48	810	—
118.93	820	—
120.38	830	—
121.83	840	—
123.28	850	—
124.73	860	—
126.18	870	—
127.63	880	—
129.08	890	—
130.53	900	—
131.98	910	—
133.43	920	—
134.89	930	—
136.34	940	—
137.79	950	—
139.24	960	—
140.69	970	—
142.14	980	—
143.59	990	—
145.04	1000	—
147.94	1020	—
150.84	1040-1045	—
153.74	1060	—
156.64	1080	—
159.54	1100	—
162.44	1120	—
165.34	1140	—
168.24	1160	—
171.14	1180	—
174.05	1200	—
176.95	1220	—

ksi		MPa
179.85	1240	—
182.75	1260	—
185.65	1280	—
188.55	1300	—
191.45	1320	—
194.35	1340	—
197.25	1360	—
200.15	1380	—
203.05	1400	—
205.95	1420	—
208.85	1440	—
211.76	1460	—
214.66	1480	—
217.56	1500	—
220.46	1520	—
223.36	1540	—
226.26	1560	—
229.16	1580	—
232.06	1600	—
234.96	1620	—
237.86	1640	—
240.76	1660	—
243.66	1680	—
246.56	1700	—
249.46	1720	—
252.37	1740	—
255.27	1760	—
258.17	1780	—
261.07	1800	—
263.97	1820	—
266.87	1840	—
269.77	1860	—
272.67	1880	—
275.57	1900	—
278.47	1920	—
281.37	1940	—
284.27	1960	—
287.17	1980	—
290.08	2000	—
292.98	2020	—
295.88	2040	—
298.78	2060	—
301.68	2080	—
304.58	2100	—
307.48	2120	—
310.38	2140	—
313.28	2160	—
316.18	2180	—
319.08	2200	—
321.98	2220	—
324.88	2240	—
327.79	2260	—
330.69	2280	—
333.59	2300	—
336.49	2320	—
339.39	2340	—
342.29	2360	—
345.19	2380	—
348.09	2400	—
350.99	2420	—
353.89	2440	—
356.79	2460	—
359.69	2480	—
362.59	2500	—

Hardness Conversions

Approximate relations between Brinell, Rockwell, Shore, Vickers and Firth hardness and the tensile strengths of S.A.E. carbon and alloy construction steels.

C	A	15-N	30-N	VICKERS	KNOOP	BRINELL
150 kg Braie	60 kg Braie	16 kg N Braie	30 kg N Braie	10 kg 136* Diamond	500 Gr. & over	3000 kg 10 mm Ball	Approx. Tensile Strength ksi
Rockwell	Rockwell Superficial	Rockwell	Rockwell	Vickers	Knoop	Brinell** (Standard Ball)	Approx. Tensile Strength ksi
68 67 66 65 64	85.6 85.0 84.5 83.9 83.4	93.2 92.9 92.5 92.2 91.8	84.4 83.6 82.8 81.9 81.1	940 900 865 832 800	920 895 870 846 822	– – – – –	inexact and only for steel
63 62 61 60 59	82.8 82.3 81.8 81.2 80.7	91.4 91.1 90.7 90.2 89.8	80.1 79.3 78.4 77.5 76.5	772 746 720 697 674	799 776 754 732 710	– – – – –	351
58 57 56 55 54	80.1 79.6 79.0 78.5 78.0	89.3 88.90 88.3 87.9 87.4	75.7 74.8 73.9 73.0 72.0	653 633 613 595 577	690 670 650 630 612	615 595 577 560 543	338 325 313 301 292
53 52 51 50 49	77.4 76.8 76.3 75.9 75.2	86.9 86.4 85.9 85.5 85.0	71.2 70.2 69.4 68.5 676.6	560 544 528 513 498	594 576 558 542 526	525 512 496 481 469	283 273 264 255 246
48 47 46 45 44	74.7 74.1 73.6 73.1 72.5	84.5 83.9 83.5 83.0 82.5	66.7 65.8 64.8 64.0 63.1	484 471 458 446 434	510 495 480 466 452	451 442 432 421 409	238 229 221 215 208
42 40 38 36 34	71.5 70.4 69.4 68.4 67.4	81.5 80.4 79.4 78.3 77.2	61.3 59.5 57.7 55.9 54.2	412 392 372 354 336	426 402 380 360 342	390 371 353 336 319	194 182 171 161 152
32 30 28 26 24 22 20	66.3 65.3 64.3 63.3 62.4 61.5 60.5	76.1 75.0 73.9 72.8 71.6 70.5 69.4	52.1 50.4 48.6 46.8 45.0 43.2 41.5	318 302 286 272 260 248 238	326 311 297 284 272 261 251	301 286 271 258 247 237 226	146 138 131 125 119 115 110

B 100 kg 1/16″ Ball	F 60 kg 1/16″ Ball	30-T 30 kg 1/16″ Ball	A 60 kg & Over	Knoop 500 Gr.	Br’L 3000 kg	Tensile Strength
Braie	Braie	Braie	Braie		10 mm Ball	Thousand lbs.
Rockwell	Rockwell	Rockwell Superficial	Rockwell	Knoop	Brinell	per sq. in.
100 99 98 97 96	– – – – –	83.1 82.5 81.8 81.1 80.4	61.5 60.9 60.2 59.5 58.9	251 246 241 236 231	240 234 228 222 216	116 114 109 104 102
95 94 93 92 91	– – – – –	70.8 79.1 78.4 77.8 77.1	58.3 57.6 57.0 56.4 55.8	226 221 216 211 206	210 205 200 195 190	100 98 94 92 90
90 89 88 87 86	– – – – –	76.4 75.8 75.1 74.4 73.8	55.2 54.6 54.0 53.4 52.8	201 196 192 188 184	185 180 176 172 169	89 88 86 84 83
85 84 83 82 81	– – – – –	73.1 72.4 71.8 71.1 70.4	52.3 51.7 51.1 50.6 50.0	180 176 173 170 167	165 162 159 156 153	82 81 80 77 73
80 79 78 77 76	– – – – –	69.7 69.1 68.4 67.7 67.1	49.5 48.9 48.4 47.9 47.3	164 161 158 155 152	150 147 144 141 139	72 70 69 68 67
75 74 72 71 68	99.6 99.1 98.0 96.8 95.6	66.4 65.7 64.4 63.1 61.7	46.8 46.3 45.3 44.3 43.3	150 147 143 139 135	137 135 130 125 121	66 65 63 61 59
66 64 62 60 58	94.5 93.4 92.2 91.1 90.0	60.4 59.0 57.7 56.4 55.0	42.3 41.4 40.4 39.5 38.6	131 127 124 120 117	117 114 110 107 104	Even for steel, tensile strength relation to hardness is inexact unless determined for specific material. See ASTM A370
56 54 52 50 48	88.8 87.7 86.5 85.4 84.3	53.7 52.4 51.0 49.7 48.3	37.7 36.8 35.9 35.0 34.1	114 111 109 107 105	101 87 85 83 81
46 44 42 40 38	83.1 82.0 80.8 79.7 78.6	47.0 45.7 44.3 43.0 41.6	33.3 32.4 31.6 30.7 29.9	103 101 99 97 95	79 78 76 74 *73
36 34 32 30	77.4 76.3 75.2 74.0	40.3 39.0 37.6 36.3	29.1 28.2 27.4 26.6	93 91 89 87	71 70 68 67

All relative hardness values on this card are averages of tests on various metals whose different properties prevent establishment of exact mathematical conversions. These values are consistent with ASTM E 140 Tables 1 and 2 and for non-austenitic steels. It is recommended that ASTM standards E 140, E 10, E18, E92, E110, E384 and A 370 ( involving hardness tests on metals) be reviewed prior to interpreting hardness conversion values.

* Below Brinell 101 tests were made with only 500 kg lodad and 10 mm ball.

** Above Brinell 451 HB tests were made with 10 mm carbide ball.

Machinability Ratings

Grade	Approx. Surf. Ft. per min.	% Relative Speed Based on B-1112 as 100%	Grade	Approx. Surf. Ft. per min.	% Relative Speed Based on B-1112 as 100%(165 SFM)
302	70	40	420	85	50
302/304 “B”	55	28	420F	125	68
303	150	75	430	110	66
303 H.T.	80	43	430F	150	75
304	70	40	431	80	48
304L	70	40	440A	65	40
309	60	36	440C	65	40
310	60	36	440F Se	80	48
316	60	36	446	60	36
316 “B”	50	22	Ph-13-8 MO	60	36
316L	60	36	15-5 PH	75	45
317-317L	60	36	17-4 PH	75	45
321	60	36	17-4 PH “H1150”	85	50
330	45	20	Fer. 255/2205	60	36
347	60	36	AM 355	72	42
410	95	54	Nitronic 40	50	22
416 Ann	150	75	Nitronic 50	50	22
416 H.T.	85	50	Nitronic 60	50	22
418*	96	50	Carp. 20	70	40

SUPER ALLOYS – TITANIUM – ELECTRICAL STEELS
6AL-4V	90	54
Maraging “300”	60	36
A-286	54	28	Waspaloy	45	20
4750	60	36	Hastelloy C (C-276)	40	18
L-605	15	9	Hastelloy X	45	20
Nickel 400	50	22	Kovar	60	36
Nickel 600	50	22	Haynes Alloy 41	15	9
Nickel 625	50	22	(Rene 41)

ALLOY
E-4130 Annealed	120	72	E-8740	110	66
E-4130 H.T.	65	40	E-9310	80	49
E-4140 Annealed	110	66	EN30B Annealed	55	35
E-4140 H.T.	60	35	EN30B H.T.	40	25
E-4340 Annealed	95	57	H-11	75	45
E-4340 H.T.	55	35	Hy-Tuf	75	45
Mod “300M”	95	57	D6AC	80	49
E-8620	110	66	9-4-30	75	45
E-52100	65	40	M-50	70	40
E-6150	100	60

CARBON
C-1018	130	78	C-1144	125	76
C-1045	95	57	C-12L14	325	198
C-1117	150	91	C-1215	225	136
C-1137	150	72	Stressproof	125	76

Conversion Chart

Decimal Equivalents & B.W.G. Gauges


30	.012
29	.013
28	.014
1/64	.0156
27	.016
26	.018
25	.020
24	.022
23	.025
22	.028
1/32	.0312
21	.032
20	.035
19	.042
3/64	.0468
18	.049
17	.058
1/16	.0625
16	.065


15	.072
5/64	.0781
14	.083
3/32	.0937
13	.095
12	.109
7/64	.1093
11	.120
1/8	.125
10	.134
9/64	.1406
9	.148
5/32	.1562
8	.165
11/64	.1718
7	.180
3/16	.1875
6	.203
13/64	.2031


7/32	.2187
5	.220
15/64	.2343
4	.238
1/4	.25
3	.259
17/64	.2656
9/32	.2812
2	.284
19/64	.2968
1	.300
5/16	.3125
21/64	.3281
0	.340
11/32	.3437
23/64	.3593
3/8	.375
25/64	.3906
13/32	.4062


27/64	.4218
7/16	.4375
29/64	.4531
15/32	.4687
31/64	.4843
1/2	.5
33/64	.5156
17/32	.5312
35/64	.5468
9/16	.5625
37/64	.5781
19/32	.5937
39/64	.6093
5/8	.625
41/64	.6406
21/32	.6562
63/64	.6718
11/16	.6875
45/64	.7031


23/32	.7187
47/64	.7343
3/4	.75
49/64	.7656
25/32	.7812
51/64	.7968
13/16	.8125
53/64	.8281
27/32	.8437
55/64	.8593
7/8	.875
57/64	.8906
29/32	.9062
59/64	.9218
15/16	.9375
61/64	.9531
31/32	.9687
63/64	.9843
1	1.0

Affiliations & Terms

Technical data

Machining Allowance

Hot Rolled Bars

Cold Drawn Bars

Cold Drawn, Ground and Polished Bars

Turned Bars

Turned and Polished Turned, Ground and Polished Bars

Recommended stock removal for aircraft quality alloys subject to magnetic particle inspection

Hot Rolled Bars

Stress Value Conversions

Hardness Conversions

Machinability Ratings

Conversion Chart

Industry Affiliations

Glossary of Terms

Terminology Glossary