Tool Steels
Introduction
Encore Metals and its predecessors have been supplying steels to Western Canada since 1892. In the early days, stocks mainly consisted of mining and tool steels which were supplied directly to the mines and logging camps. Gradually the range of steels was extended to include alloy machinery and spring steels and shortly before World War II very small quantities of stainless steel. These were probably the first such inventories in Vancouver, British Columbia.
Tool Steels are a category of steels used to shape, cut and form an extremely wide variety of metals and other materials. The first known use of iron for tools dates back at least 6000 years. The fact that tools made from iron could be made harder by heating and quenching in water was known about 3000 years ago. Heating of iron in the solid state in contact with carbonaceous materials to produce hard tools was an art employed by blacksmiths and metal workers through the Dark and Middle Ages. It was not until 1740 that Sheffield steelmakers used a crucible melting process to produce iron carbon alloys of more homogeneous nature; these were similar to the water hardening steel, type W1 grade, produced today. It was in the mid-19th century that the benefits of alloy elements such as manganese, vanadium and tungsten became apparent, although the alloying was often accidental due to the coincidental deposition of these other elements in an iron ore body. At the turn of the century an understanding of alloying benefits commenced which, as more alloying elements became available, led progressively to controlled steelmaking additions of manganese, vanadium, tungsten, cobalt, chromium, nickel and molybdenum. This led to the evolution of today's range of specialized tool steels for cold and hot working of metals, molding plastics, as well as many other special purposes.2011
AISI 01
Specialty - AISI 01 Cold Work Grades Tool Steels | Rounds, Flats, Plates, Drill Rod, Precision Ground Flats | ||||||||||||||||||
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AISI A2, AISI D2
Specialty - AISI A2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
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Specialty - AISI D2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
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AISI S7, AISI H13 and H13 ESR
Specialty - AISI S7 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
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Specialty - AISI H13 and H13 ESR |
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AISI M2, AISI P20
Specialty - AISI M2 |
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Specialty - AISI P20 |
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P20 + S, 420 and 420 ESR
Specialty - AISI P20 +S |
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Specialty - AISI 420 and 420 ESR |
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Machining Allowance
When purchasers order hot rolled, forged, cold drawn or thermally treated products that are to be machined, it is necessary to make adequate allowances to remove surface decarburization by specifying appropriate larger sizes when ordering. It is essential that the allowance be observed when removing surface metal:
Diameter Allowance Over Finished Size | |
Up to ⅝" (16 mm) Incl. | .032" (0.80 mm) |
Over ⅝" (16 mm) to ⅞" (22 mm) Incl. | .042" (1.07 mm) |
Over ⅞" (22 mm) to 1" (25 mm) Incl. | .046" (1.17 mm) |
Over 1" (25 mm) to 1 ⅛" (29 mm) Incl. | .050" (1.27 mm) |
Over 1-⅛" (29 mm) to 1-¼" (32 mm) Incl. | .056" (1.42 mm) |
Over 1-¼" (32 mm) to 1-⅜" (35 mm) Incl. | .060" (1.52 mm) |
Over 1-⅜" (35 mm) to 1-½" (38 mm) Incl. | .060" (1.52 mm) |
Over 1-¼" (32 mm) to 1-⅜" (35 mm) Incl. | .066" (1.68 mm) |
Over 1-½" (38 mm) to 2" (50 mm) Incl. | .084" (2.13 mm) |
Over 2" (50 mm) to 2-½" (64 mm) Incl. | 104" (2.64 mm) |
Over 2-½" (64 mm) to 3-½" (90 mm) Incl. | 144" (3.66 mm) |
Over 3-½" (90 mm) to 4-½" (115 mm) Incl. | 180" (4.57 mm) |
Over 4-½" (115 mm) to 5-½" (140 mm) Incl. | 220" (5.59 mm) |
Over 5-½" (140 mm) to 6-½" (165 mm) Incl. | 250" (6.35 mm) |
Over 6-½" (165 mm) to 8" (200 mm) Incl. | 310" (7.87 mm) |
Over 8" (200 mm) to 9" (230 mm) Incl. | 406" (10.31 mm) |
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